Form: 8-K

Current report

December 11, 2025

Exhibit 99.1

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP. 

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT

 

    PAGE
Financial Statement of Safeguard Acquisition Corp:    
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID #206)   F-2
Balance Sheet as of December 5, 2025   F-3
Notes to Financial Statement   F-4

 

F-1

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

 

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

Safeguard Acquisition Corp.

 

Opinion on the Financial Statements

 

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Safeguard Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) as of December 5, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 5, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

Basis for Opinion

 

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

 

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

/s/ MaloneBailey, LLP

www.malonebailey.com

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2025.

Houston, Texas

December 11, 2025

 

F-2

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
BALANCE SHEET
DECEMBER 5, 2025

 

Assets:    
Current assets     
Cash  $1,821,273 
Prepaid expenses   14,900 
Prepaid insurance – short term   67,508 
Total current assets   1,903,681 
Prepaid insurance – long term   67,507 
Cash held in Trust Account   230,000,000 
Total Assets  $231,971,188 
      
Liabilities, Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption, and Shareholders’ Deficit     
Liabilities:     
Current liabilities     
Accrued offering costs  $91,500 
Accrued expenses   6,351 
Promissory note – related party   133,462 
Total current liabilities   231,313 
Deferred underwriting fee   9,200,000 
Total Liabilities   9,431,313 
      
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 6)     
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, $0.0001 par value; 23,000,000 shares at redemption value of $10.00 per share   230,000,000 
      
Shareholders’ Deficit     
Preference shares, $0.0001 par value; 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding    
Class A ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized; 700,000 issued and outstanding (excluding 23,000,000 shares subject to possible redemption)   70 
Class B ordinary shares, $0.0001 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 7,666,667 shares issued and outstanding   767 
Additional paid-in capital    
Accumulated deficit   (7,460,962)
Total Shareholders’ Deficit   (7,460,125)
Total Liabilities, Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption, and Shareholders’ Deficit  $231,971,188 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.

 

F-3

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 1 — Description of Organization and Business Operations

 

Safeguard Acquisition Corp. (the “Company”) is a newly organized blank check company incorporated as a Cayman Islands exempted company and formed for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities (the “Business Combination”). The Company has not selected any specific Business Combination target and the Company has not, nor has anyone on its behalf, engaged in any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with any Business Combination target with respect to an initial Business Combination with the Company. The Company is an emerging growth company and, as such, the Company is subject to all of the risks associated with emerging growth companies.

 

As of December 5, 2025, the Company had not commenced any operations. All activity for the period from June 27, 2025 (inception) through December 5, 2025 relates to the Company’s formation and the Initial Public Offering described below. The Company will not generate any operating revenues until after the completion of its initial Business Combination, at the earliest. The Company will generate non-operating income in the form of interest income on proceeds derived from the Initial Public Offering (as defined below). The Company has selected December 31 as its fiscal year end.

 

The Company’s sponsor is Safeguard Acquisition Management LLC, a Cayman Islands limited liability company (the “Sponsor”). The registration statement for the Company’s Initial Public Offering became effective on November 26, 2025. On December 5, 2025, the Company consummated the Initial Public Offering of 23,000,000 units (the “Public Units”), which includes the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option of 3,000,000 Units, at $10.00 per Unit, generating gross proceeds of $230,000,000. Each Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant (each a “Public Warrant” and collectively, the “Public Warrants”). Each whole Public Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment.

 

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of an aggregate of 700,000 private placement units (each a “Private Placement Unit”, collectively the “Private Placement Units”) at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit, generating gross proceeds of $7,000,000. Each Private Placement Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one redeemable warrant (each a “Private Placement Warrant” and collectively, the “Private Placement Warrants”). Of those 700,000 Private Placement Units, the Sponsor purchased 470,000 Private Placement Units, and the underwriters purchased 230,000 Private Placement Units.

 

Transaction costs amounted to $14,360,472, consisting of $4,600,000 of cash underwriting fee, $9,200,000 of deferred underwriting fee, and $560,472 of other offering costs.

 

The Company’s management has broad discretion with respect to the specific application of the net proceeds of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of Private Placement Units, although substantially all of the net proceeds are intended to be applied generally toward consummating a Business Combination. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to complete a Business Combination successfully. The Company must complete one or more initial Business Combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the net assets held in the Trust Account (as defined below) (excluding the amount of deferred underwriting commissions and taxes payable on the interest earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the signing of the agreement to enter into the initial Business Combination. However, the Company will only complete a Business Combination if the post-transaction company owns or acquires 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the target or otherwise acquires a controlling interest in the target sufficient for it not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).

 

Following the closing of the Initial Public Offering, on December 5, 2025, an amount of $230,000,000 ($10.00 per Public Unit) from the net proceeds of the sale of the Public Units and the Private Placement Units was placed in the trust account (the “Trust Account”), with U.S. based, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, acting as trustee, and will be held in cash, including in demand deposit accounts at a bank, or invested only in United States “government securities” within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act having a maturity of 185 days or less or in money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations, until the earlier of: (i) the completion of a Business Combination and (ii) the distribution of the Trust Account.

 

F-4

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 1 — Description of Organization and Business Operations (cont.)

 

The Company will provide the holders (the “Public Shareholders”) of Public Units, with the opportunity to redeem all or a portion of the Class A ordinary shares underlying their Public Units (the “Public Shares”) upon the completion of a Business Combination either (i) in connection with a shareholder meeting called to approve the Business Combination or (ii) by means of a tender offer. The decision as to whether the Company will seek shareholder approval of a Business Combination or conduct a tender offer will be made by the Company, solely in its discretion. The Public Shareholders will be entitled to redeem their Public Shares for a pro rata portion of the amount then held in the Trust Account (initially anticipated to be $10.00 per Public Share), plus any pro rata interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to the Company. The per-share amount to be distributed to Public Shareholders who redeem their Public Shares will not be reduced by the deferred underwriting commissions the Company will pay to the underwriters (as discussed in Note 5).

 

Upon the public announcement of the initial Business Combination, if the Company elects to conduct redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, the Company and the Sponsor will terminate any plan established in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 to purchase the Class A ordinary shares in the open market, in order to comply with Rule 14e-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In the event the Company conducts redemptions pursuant to the tender offer rules, the offer to redeem will remain open for at least 20 business days, in accordance with Rule 14e-1(a) under the Exchange Act, and the Company will not be permitted to complete the initial Business Combination until the expiration of the tender offer period. In addition, the tender offer will be conditioned on Public Shareholders not tendering more than the number of Public Shares the Company is permitted to redeem. If Public Shareholders tender more shares than the Company has offered to purchase, the Company will withdraw the tender offer and not complete such initial Business Combination.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company seeks shareholder approval of its Business Combination and does not conduct redemptions in connection with its Business Combination pursuant to the tender offer rules, the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provides that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its Public Shares with respect to more than an aggregate of 15% of the Public Shares issued in the Initial Public Offering, without the prior consent of the Company.

 

The Sponsor and the Company’s officers and directors (the “initial shareholders”) have agreed not to propose an amendment to the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (a) that would modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to provide Public Shareholders the right to have their shares redeemed or repurchased in connection with a Business Combination or to redeem 100% of the Company’s Public Shares if the Company does not complete its Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering (the “Combination Period”) or (b) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of Public Shareholders, unless the Company provides the Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem their Class A ordinary shares in conjunction with any such amendment at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (which interest shall be net of taxes paid or payable (which shall exclude the 1% U.S. federal excise tax that was implemented by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 if any is imposed on us)), divided by the number of the then-outstanding Public Shares.

 

F-5

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 1 — Description of Organization and Business Operations (cont.)

 

If the Company has not completed a Business Combination within the Combination Period, the Company will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up; (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account which interest shall be net of taxes paid or payable and up to $100,000 of interest to pay liquidation expenses), divided by the number of the then-outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any); and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of the remaining shareholders and the board of directors, liquidate and dissolve, subject in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) to the Company’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. There will be no redemption rights or liquidating distributions with respect to the Company’s warrants, which will expire worthless if the Company does not consummate an initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering.

 

The initial shareholders have agreed to waive their liquidation rights with respect to the Founder Shares (as defined below) and Private Placement Shares included in the Private Placement Units if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. However, if the initial shareholders acquire Public Shares in or after the Initial Public Offering, they will be entitled to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to such Public Shares if the Company fails to complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period. The underwriters have agreed to waive their rights to their deferred underwriting commission (see Note 5) held in the Trust Account in the event the Company does not complete a Business Combination within the Combination Period and, in such event, such amounts will be included with the other funds held in the Trust Account that will be available to fund the redemption of the Public Shares.

 

In the event of such distribution, it is possible that the per share value of the assets remaining available for distribution (including Trust Account assets) will be only $10.00 per share initially held in the Trust Account. In order to protect the amounts held in the Trust Account, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to the Company if and to the extent any claims by a third party (excluding the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm) for services rendered or products sold to the Company, or a prospective target business with which the Company has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentially or other similar agreement or Business Combination agreement, reduce the amount of funds in the Trust Account to below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per Public Share and (ii) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account if less than $10.00 per Public Share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets. This liability will not apply with respect to any claims by a third party who executed a waiver of any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the Trust Account or to any claims under the Company’s indemnity of the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

 

Moreover, in the event that an executed waiver is deemed to be unenforceable against a third party, the Sponsor will not be responsible to the extent of any liability for such third-party claims. The Sponsor has not made reserves for such indemnification obligations, nor has the Company independently verified whether the Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and the Company believes that the Sponsor’s only assets are securities of the Company. Therefore, the Sponsor may not be able to satisfy those obligations. The Company will seek to reduce the possibility that the Sponsor will have to indemnify the Trust Account due to claims of creditors by endeavoring to have all vendors, service providers (excluding the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm), prospective target businesses or other entities with which the Company does business, execute agreements with the Company waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to monies held in the Trust Account.

 

F-6

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The accompanying financial statement is presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “US GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

 

Emerging Growth Company

 

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

 

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such an election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company that is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company that has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of this financial statement in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had cash of $1,821,273 and did not have any cash equivalent as of December 5, 2025.

 

Cash Held in Trust Account

 

As of December 5, 2025, the assets held in the Trust Account, amounting to $230,000,000, were held in cash. On December 8, 2025 the Company directed the funds in the Trust Account to be deposited in three and six month treasury bill securities.

 

F-7

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

Concentration of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution, which, at times, may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage limit of $250,000. Any loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. As of December 5, 2025, the Company has not experienced losses on these accounts.

 

Class A Redeemable Share Classification

 

The Public Shares will contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 480-10-S99, the Company classifies Public Shares subject to redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company will recognize changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit.

 

Offering Costs

 

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A —“Expenses of Offering.” Deferred offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees that are related to the Initial Public Offering. Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 470-20, “Debt with Conversion and Other Options,” addresses the allocation of proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt into its equity and debt components. The Company applies this guidance to allocate Initial Public Offering proceeds from the Public Units between Class A ordinary shares and warrants, using the residual method by allocating Initial Public Offering proceeds first to assigned value of the warrants and then to the Class A ordinary shares. Offering costs allocated to the Class A ordinary shares are charged to temporary equity, offering costs allocated to the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants are charged to shareholder’s equity, and Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants after management’s evaluation are accounted for under equity treatment.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheet, primarily due to its short-term nature.

 

F-8

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under FASB ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes.” Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

 

FASB ASC Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. The Company’s management determined that the Cayman Islands is the Company’s major tax jurisdiction. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. As of December 5, 2025, there were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

 

The Company is considered to be an exempted Cayman Islands company with no connection to any other taxable jurisdiction and is presently not subject to income taxes or income tax filing requirements in the Cayman Islands or the United States. As such, the Company’s tax provision was zero for the period presented.

 

Derivative Financial Instruments

 

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.” For derivative financial instruments that are accounted for as liabilities, the derivative instrument is initially recorded at its fair value on the grant date and is then re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statement of operations. The classification of derivative instruments, including whether such instruments should be recorded as liabilities or as equity, is evaluated at the end of each reporting period. Derivative liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date. The underwriters’ over-allotment option is deemed to be a freestanding financial instrument indexed on the contingently redeemable shares and will be accounted for as a liability pursuant to FASB ASC 480 if not fully exercised at the time of the Initial Public Offering. As such, as of December 5, 2025, since the underwriters exercised the over-allotment option in full, no over-allotment option liability is recognized in the Company’s balance sheet.

 

Warrant Instruments

 

The Company accounted for the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants issued in connection with the Initial Public Offering and the private placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Accordingly, the Company evaluated and classified the warrant instruments under equity treatment at their assigned values. Such guidance provides that the warrants described above will not be precluded from equity classification. Equity-classified contracts are initially measured at fair value (or allocated value). Subsequent changes in fair value are not recognized as long as the contracts continue to be classified in equity in accordance with FASB ASC 480 and FASB ASC 815.

 

F-9

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

Share-Based Payment Arrangements

 

The Company accounts for share awards in accordance with FASB ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“FASB ASC 718”), which requires that all equity awards be accounted for at their “fair value.” Fair value is measured on the grant date and is equal to the underlying value of the share.

 

Costs equal to these fair values are recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the number of awards that are expected to vest, in the period of grant for awards that vest immediately and have no future service condition, or in the period the awards vest immediately after meeting a performance condition becomes probable (i.e., the occurrence of a Business Combination). For awards that vest over time, cumulative adjustments in later periods are recorded to the extent actual forfeitures differ from the Company’s initial estimates; previously recognized compensation cost is reversed if the service or performance conditions are not satisfied and the award is forfeited.

 

Class A Ordinary Shares Subject to Possible Redemption

 

The Public Shares contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, or if there is a shareholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Company’s initial Business Combination. In accordance with FASB ASC 480-10-S99, the Company classifies Public Shares subject to possible redemption outside of permanent equity as the redemption provisions are not solely within the control of the Company. The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and will adjust the carrying value of redeemable shares to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Immediately upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company recognized the accretion from initial book value to redemption value. The change in the carrying value of redeemable shares will result in charges against additional paid-in capital (to the extent available) and accumulated deficit. Accordingly, as of December 5, 2025, Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the shareholders’ deficit section of the Company’s balance sheet. As of December 5, 2025, the Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption reflected in the balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

 

Gross proceeds  $230,000,000 
Less:     
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants   (5,520,000)
Public Shares issuance costs   (13,999,664)
Plus:     
Remeasurement of carrying value to redemption value   19,519,664 
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption, December 5, 2025  $230,000,000 

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating officer decision maker (“CODM”), as well as the aggregate amount of other segment items included in the reported measure of segment profit or loss. The ASU requires that a public entity disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Public entities will be required to provide all annual disclosures currently required by Topic 280 in interim periods, and entities with a single reportable segment are required to provide all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 on June 27, 2025, the date of incorporation.

 

F-10

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 2 — Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

 

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards if currently adopted would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statement.

 

Note 3 — Initial Public Offering

 

Pursuant to the Initial Public Offering on December 5, 2025, the Company sold 23,000,000 Public Units, which includes the full exercise by the underwriters of their over-allotment option in the amount of 3,000,000 Public Units at a purchase price of $10.00 per Public Unit. Each Public Unit consisted of one Class A ordinary share, and one Public Warrant. Each whole warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Class A ordinary share at a price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustment (see Note 6).

 

Note 4 — Related Party Transactions

 

Founder Shares

 

On July 18, 2025, the Sponsor paid $25,000 to cover certain of the Company’s expenses in exchange for the issuance of 7,666,667 Class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 (the “Founder Shares”). The Sponsor has agreed to forfeit up to 1,000,000 Founder Shares to the extent that the over-allotment option is not exercised in full by the underwriters. The forfeiture will be adjusted to the extent that the over-allotment option is not exercised in full by the underwriters so that the Founder Shares will represent 25.0% of the Company’s issued and outstanding ordinary shares (excluding the Private Placement Units and assuming the initial shareholders do not purchase any Public Shares in the Initial Public Offering) after the Initial Public Offering. On December 5, 2025, the underwriters exercised their over-allotment option in full as part of the closing of the Initial Public Offering. As such, the 1,000,000 Founder Shares are no longer subject to forfeiture.

 

Subject to limited exceptions, the initial shareholders will agree not to transfer, assign or sell any Founder Shares until the earlier to occur of: (A) 180 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination and (B) subsequent to the initial Business Combination, the date on which the Company completes a liquidation, merger, share exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction that results in all of the Public Shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property.

 

On October 31, 2025, the Sponsor transferred an aggregate of 100,000 Founder Shares to the four independent directors of the Company (25,000 shares each) and 25,000 Founder Shares to the Chief Financial Officer, in exchange for their services as director through the Company’s initial Business Combination. The Founder Shares shall return to the Sponsor if the director is no longer serving the Company on or prior to the initial Business Combination. The transfer of Founder Shares to the four independent directors and to the Chief Financial Officer is in the scope of FASB ASC Topic 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation” (“ASC 718”). Under ASC 718, stock-based compensation associated with equity classified awards is measured at fair value upon the assignment date. The total fair value of the 100,000 Founder Shares transferred to the four directors and 25,000 Founder Shares transferred to the Chief Financial Officer on October 31, 2025 was $371,250 or $2.97 per share. The Company established the initial fair value Founder Shares on October 31, 2025, using a calculation prepared by a third-party valuation team which takes into consideration the implied share price of $9.75, probability of De-SPAC and instrument-specific market adjustment of 35.0%, and discount for lack of marketability of $(0.44). The Founder Shares are classified as Level 3 at the measurement date due to the use of unobservable inputs, and other risk factors. The Founder Shares were transferred subject to a performance condition (i.e., providing services through Business Combination). Stock-based compensation would be recognized at the date a Business Combination is considered probable (i.e., upon consummation of a Business Combination) in an amount equal to the number of Founder Shares that ultimately vest times the assignment date fair value per share (unless subsequently modified) less the amount initially received for the transfer of Founder Shares. Given the significant uncertainties in timing and the complexities in consummating a Business Combination, equity-based compensation will be recognized when completed. The total grant-date fair value of $371,250 represents the amount of stock-based compensation that would be recognized upon consummation of a Business Combination, to the extent the Founder Shares ultimately vest.

 

Private Placement Units

 

Simultaneously with the closing of the Initial Public Offering, the Company consummated the sale of an aggregate of 700,000 Private Placement Units at a price of $10.00 per Private Placement Unit, generating gross proceeds of $7,000,000. Each Private Placement Unit consists of one Class A ordinary share and one-half of one Private Placement Warrant. Of those 700,000 Private Placement Units, the Sponsor purchased 470,000 Private Placement Units, and the underwriters purchased 230,000 Private Placement Units.

 

F-11

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 4 — Related Party Transactions (cont.)

 

Such Private Placement Units are identical to the Public Units sold in the Initial Public Offering. If the Company does not consummate an initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering, any proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Units held in the Trust Account will be used to fund the redemption of the Public Shares (subject to the requirements of applicable law). Holders of the Private Placement Units have entered into an agreement, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their Founder Shares, Private Placement Shares included in any Private Placement Units and Public Shares in connection with (i) the completion of the initial Business Combination and (ii) the implementation by the directors of, following a shareholder vote to approve, an amendment to the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association (A) that would modify the substance or timing of the obligation to provide holders of the Class A ordinary shares the right to have their shares redeemed or repurchased in connection with the initial Business Combination or to redeem 100% of the Public Shares if the Company does not complete the initial Business Combination within 24 months from the closing of the Initial Public Offering or (B) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of holders of the Class A ordinary shares. Subject to limited exceptions, the Private Placement Units (including any Private Placement Shares or Private Placement Warrants included in such Private Placement Units) will not be transferable or salable until 30 days after the completion of the initial Business Combination. Certain proceeds from the Private Placement Units will be added to the proceeds from the Initial Public Offering to be held in the Trust Account.

 

Promissory Note — Related Party

 

On July 18, 2025, the Sponsor agreed to loan the Company an aggregate of up to $500,000 to cover expenses related to the Initial Public Offering pursuant to a promissory note (the “Note”). This Note is non-interest bearing and payable on the earlier of December 31, 2025 or the completion of the Initial Public Offering. As of December 5, 2025, the Company had borrowed $133,462 under the Promissory Note, which was paid in full by the Company on December 8, 2025, subsequent to the closing of the Initial Public Offering. Borrowings against the Promissory Note are no longer available.

 

Working Capital Loans

 

In addition, in order to finance transaction costs in connection with a Business Combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of the Company’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan the Company funds as may be required (“Working Capital Loans”). If the Company completes a Business Combination, the Company may repay the Working Capital Loans out of the proceeds of the Trust Account released to the Company. Otherwise, the Working Capital Loans may be repaid only out of funds held outside the Trust Account. In the event that a Business Combination does not close, the Company may use a portion of the proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Working Capital Loans but no proceeds held in the Trust Account would be used to repay the Working Capital Loans. Except for the foregoing, the terms of such Working Capital Loans, if any, have not been determined and no written agreements exist with respect to such loans. The Working Capital Loans would either be repaid upon consummation of a Business Combination, without interest, or, at the lender’s discretion, up to $1.5 million of such Working Capital Loans may be convertible into Private Placement Units of the post Business Combination entity at a price of $10.00 per unit. The Private Placement Units issued upon conversion of any such loans would be identical to the Private Placement Units sold in a private placement concurrently with the Initial Public Offering. As of December 5, 2025, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the Working Capital Loans.

 

Administrative Support Agreement

 

Commencing on November 26, 2025, the date of the effectiveness of the registration statement related to the Company’s Initial Public Offering through the earlier of consummation of the initial Business Combination and the Company’s liquidation, the Company will pay the Sponsor for office space, secretarial and administrative services provided to the Company in the amount of $25,000 per month. As of December 5, 2025, no amount has been accrued for these services in the Company’s balance sheet.

 

F-12

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 5 — Commitments and Contingencies

 

Registration Rights

 

Holders of the Founder Shares and Private Placement Units, including from time to time the Public Shares, Private Placement Units that may be issued upon conversion of Working Capital Loans, any Private Placement Shares or Private Placement Warrants included in Private Placement Units, any Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of Founder Shares or upon exercise of warrants they may hold or acquire, and any warrants, including Private Placement Warrants, that they may hold or acquire, are entitled to registration rights pursuant to a registration rights agreement signed in connection with the consummation of the Initial Public Offering. The holders of these securities are entitled to make up to three demands, excluding short form demands, that the Company register such securities. In addition, the holders have certain piggyback registration rights with respect to registration statements filed subsequent to the completion of the initial Business Combination. The Company will bear the expenses incurred in connection with the filing of any such registration statements.

 

Underwriting Agreement

 

The Company granted the underwriters a 45-day option from the final prospectus relating to the Initial Public Offering to purchase up to 3,000,000 additional Public Units to cover over-allotments, if any, at the Initial Public Offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. On December 5, 2025, the underwriters elected to fully exercise their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 3,000,000 Public Units at a price of $10.00 per Unit.

 

The underwriters were entitled to an underwriting discount of $0.20 per Public Share, or $4,600,000 in the aggregate, payable upon the closing of the Initial Public Offering. In addition, $0.40 per unit, or $9,200,000 in the aggregate, payable to the underwriters for deferred underwriting commissions placed in the Trust Account located in the United States, as described herein, and released to the underwriters only upon the consummation of an initial Business Combination. The deferred fee will become payable to the underwriters from the amounts held in the Trust Account solely in the event that the Company completes a Business Combination, subject to the terms of the underwriting agreement.

 

Risks and Uncertainties

 

The Company’s ability to complete an initial Business Combination may be adversely affected by various factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company’s ability to consummate an initial Business Combination could be impacted by, among other things, changes in laws or regulations, downturns in the financial markets or in economic conditions, inflation, fluctuations in interest rates, increases in tariffs, supply chain disruptions, declines in consumer confidence and spending, public health considerations, and geopolitical instability, such as the military conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East. The Company cannot at this time predict the likelihood of one or more of the above events, their duration or magnitude or the extent to which they may negatively impact the Company’s ability to complete an initial Business Combination.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern in accordance with FASB ASC 205-40, “Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern”, the Company does not believe it will need to raise additional funds in order to meet the expenditures required to operate its business. However, if the estimate of the costs of identifying a target business, undertaking in-depth due diligence and negotiating a Business Combination are less than the actual amount necessary to do so, the Company may have insufficient funds available to operate its business prior to the Initial Business Combination. Management has determined that upon the consummation of the Initial Public Offering and the sale of the Private Placement Units, the Company has sufficient funds to finance the working capital needs of the Company within one year from the date of issuance of the financial statement. At December 5, 2025, the Company had $1,821,273 cash and a working capital of $1,672,368.

 

F-13

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 6 — Shareholders’ Deficit

 

The shareholders’ deficit of $7,460,125 is a function of recognizing both the deferred underwriters fee of $9,200,000, and the full redemption value of the Class A shares of $230,000,000, as offsets to total assets. The deficit does not represent a liquidity risk to the Company in that sufficient accessible cash is available to fund its planned evaluation and consummation of an initial Business Combination and, accordingly, no going concern risk exists at this time.

 

Preference Shares — The Company is authorized to issue 5,000,000 preference shares with such designations, voting and other rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Company’s board of directors. As of December 5, 2025, there were no preference shares issued or outstanding.

 

Class A Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue 500,000,000 Class A ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of December 5, 2025, there are 700,000 Class A ordinary shares issued or outstanding, excluding 23,000,000 shares subject to possible redemption.

 

Class B Ordinary Shares — The Company is authorized to issue 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares with a par value of $0.0001 per share. As of December 5, 2025, there were 7,666,667 Class B ordinary shares outstanding.

 

Except as described below, ordinary shareholders of record are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters to be voted on by shareholders and holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares will vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders except as required by law. Unless otherwise specified in the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, or as required by applicable provisions of the Companies Act or applicable stock exchange rules, the affirmative vote of a majority of the ordinary shares that are represented in person or by proxy and are voted is required to approve any such matter voted on by the shareholders. Approval of certain actions will require a special resolution under Cayman Islands law, being the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by such shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the applicable general meeting of the company, and pursuant to the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association; such actions include amending the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and approving a statutory merger or consolidation with another company. The board of directors is divided into three classes, each of which will generally serve for terms of three years with only one class of directors being elected in each year. There is no cumulative voting with respect to the election of directors, with the result that the holders of more than 50% of the shares entitled to vote and voted for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. The shareholders are entitled to receive ratable dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. Prior to the initial Business Combination, only holders of the Founder Shares will have the right to vote on the appointment of directors. Holders of the Public Shares will not be entitled to vote on the election of directors during such time. Incumbent directors shall also have the ability to appoint additional directors or to appoint replacement directors in the event of a casual vacancy in accordance with the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association. Further, prior to the closing of the Business Combination, only holders of the Class B ordinary shares will be entitled to vote on transferring the Company by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands (including any special resolution required to amend the constitutional documents of the Company or to adopt new constitutional documents of the company, in each case, as a result of the company approving a transfer by way of continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands) and, as a result, the Sponsor will be able to approve any such proposal without the vote of any other shareholder. The provisions of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association governing the appointment of directors prior to the Business Combination and the Company’s continuation in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands prior to the initial Business Combination may only be amended by a special resolution passed by holders representing at least two-thirds of the Company’s outstanding Class B ordinary shares. Holders of the Public Shares will not be entitled to vote on a special resolution to amend such provisions of the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association during such period.

 

F-14

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 6 — Shareholders’ Deficit (cont.)

 

Subject to adjustment for share sub-divisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like, and subject to further adjustment as provided herein, the Founder Shares, which are designated as Class B ordinary shares, will be convertible at the option of the holder on a one-for-one basis or will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares (such Class A ordinary share delivered upon conversion will not have any redemption rights or be entitled to liquidating distributions from the trust account if we fail to consummate an initial business combination) concurrently with or immediately following the consummation of the initial Business Combination at a ratio such that the number of Class A ordinary shares issuable upon conversion of all Founder Shares (including, for the avoidance of doubt for purposes of the calculation described hereafter, the Class A ordinary shares that may have been issued upon conversion of Founder Shares at the option of the holder thereof prior to the consummation of the initial Business Combination) will equal, in the aggregate, on an as-converted basis, 25.0% of the sum of (i) the total number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding (excluding the Private Placement Shares included in the Private Placement Units and including any Class A ordinary share issued pursuant to the underwriters’ over-allotment option) upon consummation of the Initial Public Offering, plus (ii) the sum of the total number of Class A ordinary shares issued or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any equity-linked securities or rights issued or deemed issued, by the Company in connection with or in relation to the consummation of the initial Business Combination, excluding any Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities exercisable for or convertible into Class A ordinary shares issued, deemed issued, or to be issued, to any seller in the Business Combination and any private placement-equivalent units issued to the Sponsor, members of the management team or any of their affiliates upon conversion of working capital loans made to the Company. In no event will the Class B ordinary shares convert into Class A ordinary shares at a rate of less than one to one.

 

Warrants — As of December 5, 2025, there were 11,850,000 warrants outstanding, including 11,500,000 Public Warrants and 350,000 Private Placement Warrants. Public Warrants may only be exercised for a whole number of shares. No fractional Public Warrants will be issued upon separation of the Public Units and only whole Public Warrants will trade.

 

The Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, provided in each case that the Company has an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants and a current prospectus relating to them is available and such shares are registered, qualified or exempt from registration under the securities, or blue sky, laws of the state of residence of the holder (or the Company permit holders to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis under certain circumstances). The Company is registering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Public Warrants in the registration statement of which the prospectus, in which this financial statement is included, forms a part because the Public Warrants will become exercisable 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, which may be within one year of the Initial Public Offering. However, because the Public Warrants will be exercisable until their expiration date of up to five years after the completion of the Business Combination, in order to comply with the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act following the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company has agreed that as soon as practicable, but in no event later than 20 business days after the closing of the initial Business Combination, the Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC a registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and to maintain a current prospectus relating to those Class A ordinary shares until the warrants expire or are redeemed, as specified in the warrant agreement. If a registration statement covering the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is not effective by the 60th day after the closing of the initial Business Combination, warrant holders may, until such time as there is an effective registration statement and during any period when the Company will have failed to maintain an effective registration statement, exercise warrants on a “cashless basis” in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act or another exemption. Notwithstanding the above, if the Class A ordinary shares are at the time of any exercise of a warrant not listed on a national securities exchange such that they satisfy the definition of a “covered security” under Section 18(b)(1) of the Securities Act, the Company may, at its option, require holders of Public Warrants who exercise their warrants to do so on a “cashless basis” and, in the event the Company so elects, the Company will not be required to file or maintain in effect a registration statement, and in the event the Company does not so elect, it will use commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares under applicable blue sky laws to the extent an exemption is not available.

 

The warrants have an exercise price of $11.50 per share, subject to adjustments, and will expire five years after the completion of a Business Combination or earlier upon redemption or liquidation. In addition, if (x) the Company issues additional Class A ordinary shares or equity-linked securities for capital raising purposes in connection with the closing of the initial Business Combination at an issue price or effective issue price of less than $9.20 per

 

F-15

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 6 — Shareholders’ Deficit (cont.)

 

Class A ordinary share (with such issue price or effective issue price to be determined in good faith by the board of directors and, in the case of any such issuance to the Sponsor or its affiliates, without taking into account any Founder Shares held by the Sponsor or its affiliates, as applicable, prior to such issuance) (the “Newly Issued Price”), (y) the aggregate gross proceeds from such issuances represent more than 60% of the total equity proceeds, and interest thereon, available for the funding of the initial Business Combination on the date of the consummation of the initial Business Combination (net of redemptions), and (z) the volume weighted average trading price of Class A ordinary shares during the 20-trading day period starting on the trading day prior to the day on which the Company consummates its initial Business Combination (such price, the “Market Value”) is below $9.20 per share, then the exercise price of the warrants will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 115% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price, the $18.00 per share redemption trigger price will be adjusted (to the nearest cent) to be equal to 180% of the higher of the Market Value and the Newly Issued Price.

 

The Private Placement Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants underlying the Public Units sold in the Initial Public Offering, except (i) that the Private Placement Warrants and the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of a Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions, (ii) the Private Placement Warrants will be non-redeemable and (iii) the Private Placement Warrants will be exercisable on a cashless basis and have certain registration rights.

 

Redemption of warrants when the price per Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00. Once the warrants become exercisable, the Company may redeem the outstanding warrants (except as described herein with respect to the Private Placement Warrants):

 

in whole and not in part;
   
at a price of $0.01 per warrant;
   
upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption, which we refer to as the 30-day redemption period; and
   
if, and only if, the last reported sale price of the Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted) for any 20 trading days within a 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which the Company sends the notice of redemption to the warrant holders.

 

The Company will not redeem the warrants as described above unless a registration statement under the Securities Act covering the issuance of the Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants is then effective and a current prospectus relating to those Class A ordinary shares is available throughout the 30-day redemption period.

 

In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle any warrant. If the Company has not completed a Business Combination within the Combination Period and the Company liquidates the funds held in the Trust Account, holders of warrants will not receive any of such funds with respect to their warrants, nor will they receive any distribution from the Company’s assets held outside of the Trust Account with the respect to such warrants. Accordingly, the warrants may expire worthless.

 

F-16

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 7 — Fair Value Measurements

 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for sale of an asset or paid for transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). These tiers include:

 

  Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

 

 

Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and

 

  Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. In some circumstances, the inputs used to measure fair value might be categorized within different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those instances, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

 

The fair value of the Public Warrants is $5,520,000, or $0.48 per Public Warrant. The fair value of Public Warrants was determined using Monte Carlo Simulation Model. The Public Warrants have been classified within shareholders’ deficit and will not require remeasurement after issuance. The following table presents the quantitative information regarding market assumptions used in the Level 3 valuation of the Public Warrants:

 

    December 5,
2025
 
Underlying stock price   $ 9.76  
Exercise price   $ 11.50  
Volatility     8.50 %
Probability of De-SPAC and market adjustment     35.00 %
Risk-free rate     3.83 %
Expected term to De-SPAC (years)     2.00  

 

Note 8 — Segment Information

 

FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” establishes standards for companies to report in their financial statement information about operating segments, products, services, geographic areas, and major customers. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise that engage in business activities from which it may recognize revenues and incur expenses, and for which separate financial information is available that is regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker, or group, in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance.

 

F-17

 

 

SAFEGUARD ACQUISITION CORP.
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENT
December 5, 2025

 

Note 8 — Segment Information (cont.)

 

The Company’s CODM has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer, who reviews the operating results for the Company as a whole to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing financial performance. Accordingly, management has determined that the Company only has one operating segment. The CODM assesses performance for the single segment and decides how to allocate resources based on net income or loss that also is reported on the statement of operations as net income or loss. The measure of segment assets is reported on the balance sheet as total assets. When evaluating the Company’s performance and making key decisions regarding resource allocation the CODM reviews several key metrics, which include the following:

 

   December 5,
2025
 
Cash  $1,821,273 
Cash held in Trust Account  $230,000,000 

 

The CODM reviews the position of total assets to assess if the Company has sufficient resources available to discharge its liabilities. The CODM is provided with details of cash and liquid resources available with the Company. The CODM will review the interest that will be earned and accrued on cash held in Trust Account to measure and monitor shareholder value and determine the most effective strategy of investment with the Trust Account funds while maintaining compliance with the Trust Agreement.

 

Note 9 — Subsequent Events

 

The Company has evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet dates up to the date that the financial statement were available to be issued. Based upon this review, other than as noted below, the Company did not identify any subsequent events that would have required adjustment or disclosure in the financial statement.

 

On December 8, 2025, the Company paid in full the total borrowings of $133,462 under the Promissory Note. Also, the Company paid the Sponsor $25,000 for office space, secretarial and administrative services provided to members of the management team.

 

F-18